The dataset of ground truth measurements for snow was obtained, synchronizing with airborne microwave radiometers (K&Ka bands) mission in the Binggou watershed foci experimental area on Mar. 29, 2008. Those provide reliable ground data for retrieval of snow properties and parameters, especially snow depth and snow water equivalent study. Observation items include (1) snow density, snow complex permittivity, snow volumetric moisture and snow gravimetric moisture by the snowfork in BG-A; (2) snow parameters in BG-A (18 points), BG-B (20 points), BG-EF (20 points) and BG-I (20 points): snow depth by the ruler, the snow temperature (mean of two measurements) by the probe thermometer, snow grain size by the handheld microscope, snow density by the cutting ring for each snow layer, and the snow surface temperature and the snow-soil interface temperature by the handheld infrared thermometer. For each snow pit, the snowpack was divided into several layers with 10-cm intervals of snow depth. Two files including raw data and pre-processed data were archived.
BAI Yanfen, BAI Yunjie, CAO Yongpan, GE Chunmei, GU Juan, HAN Xujun, HAO Xiaohua, LI Hongyi, LI Zhe, LIANG Ji, MA Mingguo, SHU Lele, WANG Xufeng, XU Zhen, ZHU Shijie, CHANG Cun, DOU Yan, MA Zhongguo, JIANG Tenglong, LIU Yan, ZHANG Pu
The dataset of ground truth measurement synchronizing with MODIS was obtained in C1, G1 and B2 of the Biandukou foci experimental area on Mar. 12, 2008. Observation items included: (1) the surface temperature by the handheld infrared thermometer in C1, G1 and B2 from 11:30 to 12:15. The underlying surface was the deep plowed land, the rape stubble and the grassland. (2) the gravimetric soil moisture (soil samples from 0-1cm, 1-3cm, 3-5cm, 5-10cm and 10-20cm) by the microwave drying method. (3) the frost depth by the chopstick and the ruler. The soil was considered frozen when it was hard and with ice crystal. The land cover type photos were archived. Four data files were archived, MODIS data, C1 (the land cover type, the surface temperature and the vegetation parameters), G1 ( the surface temperature, the frost depth and the soil moisture) and B2 (the surface temperature, the frost depth and the soil moisture) data.
CHANG Sheng, Fang Qian, QU Ying, LIANG Xingtao, LIU Zhigang, PAN Jinmei, PENG Danqing, REN Huazhong, ZHANG Yongpan, ZHANG Zhiyu, ZHAO Shaojie, Zhao Tianjie, ZHENG Yue, Zhou Ji, LIU Chenzhou, YIN Xiaojun, ZHANG Zhiyu, CHE Tao
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with ASTER was obtained in the Yingke oasis and Huazhaizi desert steppe foci experimental areas on May 28, 2008. Observation items included: (1) Atmospheric parameters in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot by CE318 (produced by CIMEL in France). The total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, particle size spectrum and phase function were then retrieved from these observations. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired by CE318. Those data include the raw data in .k7 format and can be opened by ASTPWin. ReadMe.txt is attached for detail. Processed data (after retrieval of the raw data) in Excel format are on optical depth, rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number. (2) Photosynthesis by LI-6400. Raw data were archived in the user-defined format (by notepat.exe) and processed data were in Excel format. (3) Reflectance spectra in Yingke oasis maize field by ASD FieldSpec (350-2500nm, the vertical canopy observation and the transect observation) from Institute of Remote Sensing Applications (CAS), and in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot by ASD FieldSpec (350-1603nm, the vertical observation and the transect observation for reaumuria soongorica and the bare land) from Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. The grey board and the black and white cloth were also used for calibration spectrum. Raw data were binary files direct from ASD (by ViewSpecPro), and pre-processed data on reflectance were in Excel format. (4) Coverage fraction of maize and wheat by the self-made instrument and the camera (2.5m-3.5m above the ground) in Yingke oasis maize field. Based on the length of the measuring tape and the bamboo pole, the size of the photo can be decided. GPS date were also collected and the technology LAB was applied to retrieve the coverage of the green vegetation. Besides, such related information as the surrounding environment was also recorded. Data included the primarily measured image and final fraction of vegetation coverage. (5) the radiative temperature of maize, wheat and the bare land in Yingke oasis maize field by ThermaCAM SC2000 using ThermaCAM SC2000 (1.2m above the ground, FOV = 24°×18°),. The data included raw data (read by ThermaCAM Researcher 2001), recorded data and the blackbody calibrated data (archived in Excel format). (6) the radiative temperature by the automatic thermometer (FOV: 10°; emissivity: 0.95), 3 for maize canopy, the bare land and wheat canopy in Yingke oasis maize field, one for maize canopy in Huazhaizi desert maize field, and 2 for vegetation and the desert bare land in Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot,at nadir at a time interval of one second. Raw data, blackbody calibrated data and processed data were all archived in Excel format. (7) Maize albedo by the shortwave radiometer in Yingke oasis maize field. R =10H (R for FOV radius; H for the probe height). Data were archived in Excel format. (8) LAI in Yingke oasis maize field. The maximum leaf length and width of each maize and wheat were measured. Data were archived in Excel format. (9) FPAR (Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation) of maize and wheat by SUNSACN and the digital camera in Yingke oasis maize field. FPAR= (canopyPAR－surface transmissionPAR－canopy reflection PAR+surface reflectionPAR) /canopy PAR; APAR=FPAR* canopy PAR. Data were archived in the table format of Word. (10) The radiative temperature in Yingke oasis maize field (the transect observation), Yingke oasis wheat field (the transect observation), Huazhaizi desert maize field (the transect observation) and Huazhaizi desert No. 2 plot (the diagonal observation) by the handheld infrared thermometer (BNU and Institute of Remote Sensing Applications). Raw data (in Word format), blackbody calibrated data and processed data (in Excel format) were all archived.
CHAI Yuan, CHEN Ling, KANG Guoting, QIAN Yonggang, REN Huazhong, WANG Haoxing, WANG Jianhua, SHU Lele, LI Li, LIU Sihan, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHANG Yang, ZHOU Chunyan, ZHOU Mengwei, TAO Xin, WANG Dacheng, LI Xiaoyu, CHENG Zhanhui, YANG Tianfu, HUANG Bo, LI Shihua, LUO Zhen
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with Envisat ASAR was obtained in the Linze station foci experimental area from Sep. 12 to Sep. 15, 2007 during the pre-observation period. One scene of Envisat ASAR image was captured on Sep. 19. The data were in AP mode and VV/VH polarization combinations, and the overpass time was approximately at 11:29 BJT. Observation items included: (1) GPS by GARMIN GPS 76 (2) LAI by LAI-2000 (3) photosynthesis measured by LI6400 from Linze station carried out according to WATER specifications. Raw data were archived in the user-defined format , which can be opened by notepat and processed by Excel. (4) object spectrum of typical ground objects measured by ASD FieldSpec Spectroradiometer (350～2 500 nm) from Gansu Meteorological Administration. The reference whiteboard was attached therein. Raw spectral data were archived as binary files, which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance were archived as text files (.txt). (5) infrared temperature measured by the handheld infrared thermometer from Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, which was calibrated. The infrared temperature of the crown, the vertical canopy, 45 degrees frontlight and backlight were measured respectively. The data were archived as Excel files. (6) soil profile (0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm), and soil moisture measured by the cutting ring method. Profile photos were taken meanwhile. (7) quadrate (1m×1m) investigations, including the quadrate number, species, quantities, coverage, the total quadrate coverage, the mean height, biomass number, the total green weight and the total dry weight. (8) repeated measurements on chlorophyll content of different species measured by SPAD 502. (9) photos taken by Nikon D80 with a lens of Sigma 8mm F3.5 EX DG CIRCULAR FISHEYE, shooting straight downwards at the height of 1.5m (10) atmospheric parameters at Daman Water Management office measured by CE318 (produced by CIMEL in France). The total optical depth, aerosol optical depth, Rayleigh scattering coefficient, column water vapor in 936 nm, particle size spectrum and phase function were then retrieved from these observations. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired by CE318. Those data include the raw data in .k7 and can be opened by ASTPWin. ReadMetext files (.txt) is attached for detail. Processed data (after retrieval of the raw data) in Excel are on optical depth, rayleigh scattering, aerosol optical depth, the horizontal visibility, the near surface air temperature, the solar azimuth, zenith, solar distance correlation factors, and air column mass number.
BAI Yunjie, CHE Tao, DING Songchuang, GAO Song, HAN Xujun, HAO Xiaohua, LI Hongyi, LI Xin, LI Zhe, LIANG Ji, PAN Xiaoduo, QIN Chun, RAN Youhua, WANG Xufeng, WU Yueru, YAN Qiaodi, ZHANG Lingmei, FANG Li, LI Hua, Liu Qiang, Wen Jianguang, MA Hongwei, YAN Yeqing, YUAN Xiaolong
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with Terra MISR and MODIS was obtained in sampling plot BG-A of the Binggou watershed foci experimental area on Dec. 10 and Dec. 11, 2007 during the pre-observation period. Observation items included: (1) Snow parameters including the snow surface temperature, the snow-soil interface temperature, the land surface temperature by the handheld infrared thermometer, the snow layer temperature by the probe thermometer, snow depth by the ruler and the snow grain size by the handheld microscope. (2) Snow density in "WATER: Dataset of snow density measurements in the Binggou watershed foci experimental area on Dec. 6 and Dec. 10, 2007 during the pre-observation period" (3) Snow properties in "WATER: Dataset of snow properties measured by the Snowfork in the Binggou watershed foci experimental area during the pre-observation period" Raw data and pre-processed data including snow parameters synchronizing with Terra MISR and MODIS and the temperature synchronizing with MODIS were archived herein.
LI Xin, WANG Jian, MA Mingguo, Wang Weizhen, CHE Tao, HAO Xiaohua, LI Hongyi, LIANG Ji, BAI Yunjie, WANG Xufeng, WU Yueru, WANG Yang, LUO Lihui, ZHANG Pu, LIU Yan
This dataset was acquired on May 25, 2008 by the L&K-band airborne microwave radiometer at the Linze-Biandukou flight area.The L-band frequency is 1.4 GHz, the rear view is 35 degrees, and the dual-polarization (H and V) information is obtained; the K-band frequency is 18.7 GHz, with zenith angle observation, and there is no polarization information. The plane took off from Zhangye Airport at 9:51 (Beijing time, the same below) and landed at 15:01. The observation from 10:10 to 12:30 was in the Linze area, the flight altitude is about 1800m, and the flight speed is about 250km/hr. The plane flew low over Linze Reservoir from 12:31 to 12:38. The plane works in the Bianduko aerophotography region from13:13 to 14:35, the flight altitude is about 3000m, and the flight speed is about 250km/hr. The original data is divided into two parts: microwave radiometer data and GPS data. The L and K bands of microwave radiometer are all from non-imaging observation, the digital values obtained from instantaneous observation are recorded by text files, the longitude and latitude of flight and the attitude parameters of aircraft are recorded by GPS data. At the same time, through the respective clock records of the microwave radiometer and GPS, the microwave observation can be linked with the GPS record, and the microwave observation can be matched with the geographical coordinate information. Due to the relatively low resolution of the microwave radiometer, the leeway, welter and pitching of the aircraft are generally neglected in data processing. According to the target of use and relative flight altitude (H), after calibration and coordinate matching, the observation information can be rasterized. The resolution (x) of the L and K bands can be considered consistent with the observation footprint. The reference resolution is: L band, x = 0.3H; K band, x = 0.24H. After the above steps, products that can be directly used by users can be obtained.
WANG Shuguo, WANG Xufeng, CHE Tao, XIAO Qing, Liu Qiang, ZHAO Kai, JIN Jinan
This data set includes the continuous observation data set of soil texture, roughness and surface temperature measured by the vehicle borne microwave radiometer on November 15-16, 2013 in the farmland of jiushe, Kangning, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. The surface temperature includes the soil temperature data observed by the temperature sensor at the soil depth of 0 cm, 1 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm and 10 cm. The time frequency of conventional observation of soil temperature is 5 minutes. Data details: 1. Time: November 15-16, 2013 2. data: Bright temperature: observed by vehicle mounted multi frequency passive microwave radiometer, including 6.925, 18.7 and 36.5ghz v-polarization and H-polarization data (10.65ghz band instrument damaged) Soil temperature: use the sensor installed on dt85 to measure the soil temperature of 0cm, 1cm, 3cm, 5cm and 10cm Soil texture: soil samples measured in Beijing Normal University Soil roughness: measured by roughness meter provided by northeast geography 3. Data size: 4.8m 4. Data format:. Xls
ZHAO Shaojie, KOU Xiaokang, YE Qinyu, MA Mingguo
The dataset of airborne LiDAR mission at the super site in the Dayekou watershed flight zone on Jun. 23, 2008 included peak pulse data (*.LAS), full waveform data (.lgc), CCD photos, DEM, DSM and DOM. The flight routes were as follows: {| ! flight route ! startpoint lat ! startpoint lon ! endpoint lat ! endpoint lon ! altitude (m) ! length (km) ! photos |- | 1 || 38°31′59.71″ || 100°14′54.02″ || 38°31′43.04″ || 100°15′44.28″ || 3550 || 1.3 || 7 |- | 2 || 38°32′01.21″ || 100°14′54.82″ || 38°31′44.53″ || 100°15′45.08″ || 3550 || 1.3 || 7 |- | 3 || 38°32′02.70″ || 100°14′55.62″ || 38°31′46.03″ || 100°15′45.88″ || 3550 || 1.3 || 7 |- | 4 || 38°32′04.20″ || 100°14′56.42″ || 38°31′47.52″ || 100°15′46.69″ || 3550 || 1.3 || 7 |- | 5 || 38°32′05.69″ || 100°14′57.23″ || 38°31′49.01″ || 100°15′47.49″ || 3550 || 1.3 || 6 |}
NI Wenjian, BAO Yunfei, ZHOU Mengwei, WANG Tao, CHI Hong, FAN Fengyun, LIU Qingwang, PANG Yong, LI Shiming, HE Qisheng, Liu Qiang, LI Xin, MA Mingguo
The dataset of airborne Polarimetric L-band Multibeam Radiometers (PLMR) was acquired on 7 July, 2012, located in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin. The aircraft took off at 13:40 pm (UTC+8) from Zhangye airport and landed at 17:40 pm, with the flight time of 4 hours. The flight was performed in the altitude of about 2000 m and at the speed of about 220-250 km during the observation, corresponding to an expected ground resolution of about 600 m. The PLMR instrument flown on a small aircraft operates at 1.413 GHz (L-band), with both H- and V-polarizations at incidence angles of ±7.5°, ±21.5° and ±38.5°. PLMR ‘warm’ and ‘cold’ calibrations were performed before and after each flight. The processed PLMR data include 2 DAT files (v-pol and h-pol separately) and 1 KMZ file for each flying day. The DAT file contains all the TB values together with their corresponding beam ID, incidence angle, location, time stamp (in UTC) and other flight attitude information as per headings. The KMZ file shows the gridded 1-km TB values corrected to 38.5 degrees together with flight lines. Cautions should be taken when using these data, as the RFI contaminations are often higher than expected at v-polarization.
CHE Tao, Gao Ying, LI Xin
The dataset of photosynthesis observed by Li-6400 was obtained in the Yingke oasis, Huazhaizi desert steppe and Linze grassland foci experimental areas. Parameters included: CO2R_µml: CO2 viscosity inside the reference lab (µmol CO2 mol-1); CO2S_µml: CO2 viscosity inside the sample room (µmol CO2 mol-1); H2OR_mml: H2O viscosity inside the reference lab (mmol H2O mol-1); H2OS_mml: H2O viscosity inside the sample room (mmol H2O mol-1); Flow_CV%: variation coefficient of Flow_µml (%); RH_R_%: relative humidity inside the reference lab (%); RH_S_%: relative humidity inside the sample room (%); Td_R_%: dew-point temperature inside the reference lab (C); Td_S_%: dew-point temperature inside the sample room (C); Prss_kPa: air pressure (kPa); ParIn_µm: active radiation of interior photosynthesis (µmol m-2 s-1); c: active radiation of interior photosynthesis (µmol m-2 s-1); BLC_moll: boundary layer conductance (mol m-2 s-1); Tblock°C: temperature inside the sample room (°C) (mmol H2O mol-1); Tleaf°C: leaf temperature (°C); HH:MM:SS: time; Program: automatic program mode; CHPWMF：Status word (summary of line J); Battery: battery voltage (V); CO2: CO2 IRGAs; H2O: IRGAs; Pump: pump; Flow: air flow controller; Mixr: CO2 mixer; Fan: fan; Program: automatic program mode; ProgPrgs: AutoProgram step counter; FwMxCrLp: Numerical summary of the four stability flags; totalCV% : See totalCV% under E above; CRagc_mv: Reference CO2 AGC (automatic gain control) signal, in mV; CSagc_mv: Sample CO2 AGC signal; HRagc_mv: Reference H2O AGC signal; HSagc_mv: Sample H2O AGC signal. Observations were carried out as follows: (1) Photosynthesis synchronizing with TM in Yingke oasis No. 1 maize plot (three maize plants), No. 4 (5 maize plants) and No. 5 (2 wheat plants) on May 20, 2008. (2) Barley and alfalfa synchronizing with ASAR and MODIS on May 24, 2008. (3) Photosynthesis synchronizing with ASAR and MODIS in Yingke oasis maize plot on May 28, 2008. (4) Photosynthesis synchronizing with WiDAS in Yingke oasis maize plot on May 30, 2008. (5) Photosynthesis synchronizing with OMIS-II in Yingke oasis maize plot on Jun. 4, 2008. (6) Photosynthesis synchronizing with OMIS-II in Yingke oasis maize plot on Jun. 16, 2008. (7) Photosynthesis synchronizing with WiDAS in Yingke oasis maize plot on Jun. 29, 2008. (8) Photosynthesis synchronizing with WiDAS and TM in Yingke oasis maize plot on Jul. 7, 2008. (9) Photosynthesis synchronizing with WiDAS in Yingke oasis maize plot on Jul. 11, 2008. Data, including observation time, instrument parameters and those above mentioned, were archived in the original format of LI-6400, and could be read by .exe and Microsoft Excel.
LI Li, LIU Sihan, SU Gaoli, Wen Jianguang, XIA Chuanfu, XIN Xiaozhou, ZHANG Yang, ZHOU Chunyan, ZHOU Mengwei
The dateset of sun photometer observations was obtained in the Biandukou foci experimental area from Mar. 7 to 17, 2008, simultaneous with MODIS and TM. Those provide reliable data for atmosphere correction of the same period in this area. Atmospheric parameters were measured by CE318. The optical depth in 1020nm, 936nm, 870nm, 670nm and 440nm were all acquired. Column water vapor can also be retrieved according to data in 936 nm. The dataset archived in txt files includes processed data on Mar. 7, 14 and 17 respectively.
SU Gaoli
This data includes the coverage data set of vegetation in one growth cycle in five stations of Daman super station, wetland, desert, desert and Gobi, and the biomass data set of maize and wetland reed in one growth cycle in Daman super station. The observation time starts from May 10, 2014 and ends on September 11, 2014. 1 coverage observation 1.1 observation time 1.1.1 super station: the observation period is from May 10 to September 11, 2014. Before July 20, the observation is once every five days. After July 20, the observation is once every 10 days. A total of 17 observations are made. The specific observation time is as follows:; Super stations: May 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 10, 15, 20, 20, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 7, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 15 1.1.2 other four stations: the observation period is from May 20 to September 15, 2014, once every 10 days, and 11 observations have been made in total. The specific observation time is as follows:; Other four stations: May 10, 2014, May 20, 2014, May 30, 2014, June 10, 2014, June 20, 2014, June 30, July 10, 2014, July 20, August 5, 2014, August 17, 2014, September 11, 2014 1.2 observation method 1.2.1 measuring instruments and principles: The digital camera is placed on the instrument platform at the front end of the simple support pole to keep the shooting vertical and downward and remotely control the camera measurement data. The observation frame can be used to change the shooting height of the camera and realize targeted measurement for different types of vegetation. 1.2.2 design of sample Super station: take 3 plots in total, the sample size of each plot is 10 × 10 meters, take photos along two diagonal lines in turn each time, take 9-10 photos in total; Wetland station: take 2 sample plots, each plot is 10 × 10 meters in size, and take 9-10 photos for each survey; 3 other stations: select 1 sample plot, each sample plot is 10 × 10 meters in size, and take 9-10 photos for each survey; 1.2.3 shooting method For the super station corn and wetland station reed, the observation frame is directly used to ensure that the camera on the observation frame is far higher than the vegetation crown height. Samples are taken along the diagonal in the square quadrat, and then the arithmetic average is made. In the case of a small field angle (< 30 °), the field of view includes more than 2 ridges with a full cycle, and the side length of the photo is parallel to the ridge; in the other three sites, due to the relatively low vegetation, the camera is directly used to take pictures vertically downward (without using the bracket). 1.2.4 coverage calculation The coverage calculation is completed by Beijing Normal University, and an automatic classification method is adopted. For details, see article 1 of "recommended references". By transforming RGB color space to lab space which is easier to distinguish green vegetation, the histogram of green component A is clustered to separate green vegetation and non green background, and the vegetation coverage of a single photo is obtained. The advantage of this method lies in its simple algorithm, easy to implement and high degree of automation and precision. In the future, more rapid, automatic and accurate classification methods are needed to maximize the advantages of digital camera methods. 2 biomass observation 2.1 observation time 2.1.1 corn: the observation period is from May 10 to September 11, 2014, once every 5 days before July 20, and once every 10 days after July 20. A total of 17 observations have been made. The specific observation time is as follows:; Super stations: May 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 10, 15, 20, 20, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 7, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 15 2.1.2 Reed: the observation period is from May 20 to September 15, 2014, once every 10 days, and 11 observations have been made in total. The specific observation time is as follows:; 2014-5-10、2014-5-20、2014-5-30、2014-6-10、2014-6-20、2014-6-30、2014-7-10、2014-7-20、2014-8-5、2014-8-17、2014-9-11 2.2 observation method Corn: select three sample plots, and select three corn plants that represent the average level of each sample plot for each observation, respectively weigh the fresh weight (aboveground biomass + underground biomass) and the corresponding dry weight (85 ℃ constant temperature drying), and calculate the biomass of unit area corn according to the plant spacing and row spacing; Reed: set two 0.5m × 0.5m quadrats, cut them in the same place, and weigh the fresh weight (stem and leaf) and dry weight (constant temperature drying at 85 ℃) of reed respectively. 2.3 observation instruments Balance (accuracy 0.01g), oven. 3 data storage All the observation data were recorded in the excel table first, and then stored in the excel table. At the same time, the data of corn planting structure was sorted out, including the plant spacing, row spacing, planting time, irrigation time, except for the parent time, harvesting time and other relevant information.
YU Wenping, GENG Liying, Li Yimeng, TAN Junlei, MA Mingguo
The spot satellite series in France consists of five stars, of which spot 5 is the best. It was launched in May 2002, with a height of 830km, an orbit inclination of 98.7 degrees, and a sun synchronous quasi regression orbit, with a regression period of 26 days. Linear array sensor (CCD) and push scan scanning technology were used for imaging. SPOT5 satellite carries two high-resolution geometric imagers (HRG), one high-resolution Stereo Imager (HRS) and one wide field vegetation detector (VGT). It has five working bands, multi spectral band spatial resolution is 10m (short wave infrared spatial resolution is 20m), panchromatic band spatial resolution is 2.5m. At present, there are three spots of SPOT5 data in Heihe River Basin. The coverage and acquisition time are respectively: 1 scene in Linze area, including multispectral image with resolution of 10m and panchromatic image with resolution of 2.5m, with time of 2008-07-04; 1 scene in Zhangye City, with resolution of 2.5m, with time of 2008-03-29; 1 scene of multispectral data with resolution of 10m, with time of 2008-08-10. The product level is L1, and the product has undergone rough geometric correction. SPOT5 image is mainly used as the base map of geometric precision correction in Heihe experiment. The spot 5 remote sensing data set of Heihe comprehensive remote sensing joint experiment was purchased by Beijing Normal University.
Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences
ASTER data in 2007 and 2008 are 15 scenes, covering the whole Heihe River Basin. Acquisition time: 2007-10-22 (1 scene), 2007-11-14 (1 scene), 2007-11-23 (1 scene), 2007-12-04 (1 scene), 2008-01-28 (1 scene), 2008-02-13 (1 scene), 2008-05-03 (4 scenes), 2008-05-05 (1 scene), 2008-05-17 (1 scene), 2008-06-04 (2 scenes), 2008-06-13 (1 scene). The product level is L1B, which has been calibrated by radiation and geometry. The ASTER Remote sensing data set of Heihe integrated remote sensing joint experiment was obtained from NASA's data website (https://wist.echo.nasa.gov/) through international cooperation.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with ASTER was obtained in the saline plot B, the alfalfa plot D and the barley plot E of the Linze grassland foci experimental area on May 28, 2008. 49 points at intervals of 60m in each plot (360m×360m) were selected and observation items included: (1) the land surface radiative temperature by the hand-held infrared thermometer from east to west in the saline plot B, the alfalfa plot D and the alfalfa plot E. Each point was numbered, such as D22-23, indicating from No. 22 to 23 in the alfalfa plot D. In the salineplot B, 5 measurements were carried out each 5m; in the alfalfa plot D and the barley plot E, measurements were at random. Calibration information was archived in the hand-held infrared thermometer calibration.xls. (2) soil gravimetric moisture, volumetric moisture, and soil bulk density after drying measured by the cutting ring and the mean soil temperature from 0-5cm measured by the probe thermometer in plot B; the soil temperature, soil moisture, the loss tangent, soil conductivity, the real part and the imaginary part of soil complex permittivity measured by the POGO soil sensor, and the mean soil temperature from 0-5cm measured by the probe thermometer in plot D; soil moisture, soil conductivity, the soil temperature, and the real part of soil complex permittivity were measured by WET, and the mean soil temperature from 0-5cm by the probe thermometer in plot E. Six Excel files on soil moisture and the land surface radiative temperature in plot B, D and E were archived. See WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the foci experimental area of Linze station for more information.
CAO Yongpan, CHAO Zhenhua, GE Chunmei, HAN Xujun, HAO Xiaohua, HUANG Chunlin, LIANG Ji, MA Mingguo, WANG Shuguo, WU Yueru, FENG Lei, YU Fan
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with the airborne WiDAS mission was obtained in the Linze station foci experimental area on Jun. 29, 2008. WiDAS, composed of four CCD cameras, one mid-infrared thermal imager (AGEMA 550), and one infrared thermal imager (S60), can acquire CCD, MIR and TIR band data. The simultaneous ground data included: (1) soil moisture (0-5cm) nine times by the cutting ring (50cm^3) along LY06 and LY07 strips, and once by the cutting ring method and once by ML2X Soil Moisture Tachometer in the six points of Wulidun farmland quadrates. The preprocessed soil volumetric moisture data were archived as Excel files. (2) surface radiative temperature measured three times by three handheld infrared thermometer (5# and 6# from Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, and one from Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, which were all calibrated) in LY06 and LY07 strips (98 sample points and repeated three times) and the Wulidun farmland quadrates (various points and repeated three times). Data were archived as Excel files. (3) maize canopy component temperature measured by the 5# handheld infrared thermometer (from Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute) in Wulidun farmland quadrates. Six directions were measured, canopy backlighting and frontlighting, half height backlighting and frontlighting, the light and the shaded bareland, with each direction 20 measurements. (4) spectrum of maize, soil and soil with known moisture measured by ASD Spectroradiometer (350～2 500 nm) from BNU, and the reference board (40% before Jun. 15 and 20% hereafter) in Wulidun farmland quadrates. Raw spectral data were binary files , which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance (by ViewSpecPro) were archived as Excel.files (5) mltiangle maize spectrum measured by ASD Spectroradiometer (350～2 500 nm) from BNU, the reference board (40% before Jun. 15 and 20% hereafter), two observation platforms of BNU make and one of Institute of Remote Sensing Applications make in Wulidun farmland. Raw spectral data were archived as binary files, which were recorded daily in detail, and pre-processed data on reflectance and transmittivity were archived as text files (.txt). (6) LAI of maize measured by the fisheye camera (CANON EOS40D with a lens of EF15/28), shooting straight downwards, with exceptions of higher plants, which were shot upwards. Data included original photos (.JPG) and those processed by can_eye5.0 (in excel). (7) LAI of maize measured by LAI2000 in Wulidun farmland quadrates. Data educed from LAI2000 periodically were archived as text files (.txt) and marked with one ID. Raw data (table of word and txt) and processed data (Excel) were included. Besides, observation time, the observation method and the repetition were all archived. See the metadata record “WATER: Dataset of setting of the sampling plots and stripes in the Linze station foci experimental area” for more information of the quadrate locations.
DONG Jian, YU Yingjie, BAI Yanfen, HAO Xiaohua, Qian Jinbo, SHU Lele, WANG Yang, XU Zhen
The dataset of vegetation cover fraction observations was obtained by the self-made instrument and the camera at a height of 2.5m-3.5m above the ground in the Yingke oasis, Huazhaizi desert steppe and Biandukou foci experimental areas on May 20, 24, 25, 28 and 30, Jun. 11, 14, 15, 21, 23, 24, 27 and 30, and Jul. 2, 2008. Observations were carried out in Yingke oasis maize field, Yingke oasis wheat field, Huazhaizi desert No. 1 and 2 plots, the rape field, the barley field and grassland in Biandukou. A pole with known length was put in each photo to determine the size of the photo. GPS data was used for the location and the technology LAB was used to retieve the coverage of the green vegetation. Besides, surrounding environment was also recorded. The dataset included the primary collected vegetation images and retrieved fraction of vegetation coverage.
QIAN Yonggang, REN Huazhong, WANG Haoxing, WANG Jindi, WANG Tianxing, YAN Guangkuo, ZHANG Wuming
The dataset of ground-based RPG-8CH-DP microwave radiometers (6.925H/V, 18.7H/V and 36.5H/V) and ground truth observations for snow was obtained in the Binggou watershed foci experimental area on Mar. 24 (time-continuous from 11:42 to 17:28 BJT) and Mar. 25, 2008 (short-time multi-angle observations). A gentle slope of 10° was chosen as the observation site, where there was firn snow and the snow layer and the ice layer appeared alternately. The radiometer beam was set from -20° to -55°, with the steplength 5°. Observation items included: (1) The brightness temperature by the microwave radiometer in .BRT and .txt (the ASCII format). Each row in .txt was listed by year, month, date, hour, minute, second, 6.925GHz (h), 6.925GHz (v), 10.65GHz (h), 10.65GHz (v) , 18.7GHz (h), 18.7GHz (v), 36.5GHz (h), 36.5GHz (v), the elevation angle, and the azimuth angle. Values for 6.925GHz and 10.65GHz were zero due to the absence of these two radiometers. (2) Snow parameters including the snow profile temperature by the probe thermometer and the handheld infrared thermometer, the snow grain size by the handheld microscope, snow moisture, snow density, and snow permittivity by the snow fork. Five subfolders are archived, including the brightness temperature and the profiles of liquid water content, the snow grain size, snow density and the snow temperature.
CHANG Sheng, PENG Danqing, ZHANG Yongpan, ZHANG Zhiyu, ZHAO Shaojie, ZHENG Yue, ZHANG Zhiyu
The dataset of ground truth measurements for snow synchronizing with MODIS was obtained in the Binggou watershed foci experimental area on Mar. 19, 2008. Those provide reliable data for retrieval and verification of the snow temperature through airborne and satellite-borne remote sensing approaches. Observation items included: (1) Snow parameters, such as snow depth by the ruler (five measurements at random each point), the snow surface temperature by the infrared thermometer (several measurements at random), the snow layer temperature by the probe thermometer (10cm as an interval and two times each point), the snow grain size by the handheld microscope (10cm as an interval and three times each point) in BG-B from 12:40-13:00 (BJT) with the satellite overpass on Mar. 19, 2008. 64 points were selected by four groups. (2) Snow density, snow complex permittivity, snow volumetric moisture and snow gravimetric moisture by the Snowfork in BG-A,automatically in coordination with ASD. (3) The snow spectrum by the portable ASD. (4) Snow albedo by the portable radiometer in BG-A. Two files including raw data and preprocessed data were archived.
BAI Yanfen, BAI Yunjie, GE Chunmei, HAO Xiaohua, LIANG Ji, MA Mingguo, SHU Lele, WANG Xufeng, XU Zhen, ZHU Shijie, DOU Yan, LIU Yan, ZHANG Pu
The dataset of ground truth measurements synchronizing with the airborne microwave radiometers (L&K bands, between 8:06~11:17BJT) and thermal imager mission (between 12:48~16:35BJT) was obtained in L2, L3, L4, L5 and L6 of the A'rou foci experimental area on Apr. 1, 2008. The samples were collected every 100m along the strip from south to north in the the morning and from north to south in the afternoon. In L2, L4 and L6, the soil temperature, soil volumetric moisture, the loss tangent, soil conductivity, and the real part and the imaginary part of soil complex permittivity were acquired by the POGO soil sensor, the mean soil temperature from 0-5cm by the probe thermometer, the surface radiative temperature measured three times by the hand-held infrared thermometer, and soil gravimetric moisture, volumetric moisture, and soil bulk density after drying by the cutting ring (100cm^3). In L3, soil volumetric moisture was acquired by ML2X, the mean soil temperature from 0-5cm by the probe thermometer, the surface radiative temperature measured three times by the hand-held infrared thermometer, and soil gravimetric moisture, volumetric moisture, and soil bulk density after drying by the cutting ring (100cm^3). In L5, soil volumetric moisture, soil conductivity, the soil temperature, and the real part of soil complex permittivity were acquired by WET, the mean soil temperature from 0-5cm by the probe thermometer, the surface radiative temperature measured three times by the hand-held infrared thermometer, soil gravimetric moisture, volumetric moisture, and soil bulk density after drying by the cutting ring (100cm^3). Besides, the handheld thermal imager observations were carried out in L4. Those provide reliable ground data for retrieval and validation of soil moisture and freeze/thaw status from active remote sensing approaches. Seven files were included, two ground-based microwave radiometers (L&K-band and L-band) observations, L2 data, L3 data, L4 data, L5 data and L6 data.
GE Chunmei, GU Juan, HAN Xujun, HAO Xiaohua, HU Zeyong, HUANG Chunlin, LI Zhe, LIANG Ji, MA Mingguo, SHU Lele, Wang Weizhen, WU Yueru, ZHU Shijie, LI Hua, CHANG Cun, DOU Yan, MA Zhongguo
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